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•• ALASKA, Russian-American Co.,
Ca. 1816-32 Sealskin, etc. Issues

     

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Aleksandr Andreevich BARANOV
1st Gov, Ch Mgr
  Russian-American Co.


Grigorii Ivanovich
SHELIHOV
Pioneer of RAC,
Co- Precursor Co.


Innokentii  [Ioann
 VENIAMINOV
]
Bishop of RA Colony
Metropolitan Moscow


Nikolai Petrovich REZANOV
Full Chamberlain,
 Plenipotentiary RAC

RUSSIAN-AMERICAN COMPANY "Seal-Walrus Skin" notes, 1816-32 Issues

 Pоссийская Империя
 RUSSIAN EMPIRE

Established 1721-1917; Printer: Imperial Printing Works, St. Petersburg

  Russian-American Company

Founded 8.7.1799

Local Emergency Currency Issues

RAC_PUNL_50_Kopek_1816_Ussuri_Boards_Lot_1146_Lyn_Knoight.jpg
P.UNL  50 Kopek 1818 Ussuri Boards 6.6.2002 *
No.73, Lot 1146  Lyn Knight Currency Auctions

* Based on new information provided by RAC expert, Dmitriy "Dim" Litvak, this 50 Kopek
leather note is now confirmed that it was issued by
Aleksandr Andreevich BARANOV
1st Gov, Ch Mgr., Russian-American Co., as a temporary note to address the shortage
of monetary funds at the time.

(2) See further details below
akaP.UNLK.53.110KopeksNDNo.23421d.jpg
P.UNL, K.53.1 10 Kopeks ND
 No.23421
akaP.UNLK.53.110KopeksNDNo.23421r3.jpg
Back
Unknown Collection
Alaska RussianAmerican Co  P.UNL  10 Rubles ND(1847-52)
P.UNL, K.53.1*   10 Kopeks ND

No. 25008
Back
Back

Ilkka Mäkitie Collection
..JPG
P.UNL, K.53.1  10 Kopeks ND
No. 26806
aka_P.UNLK53.110KopeksNDr.JPG
Back
Unknown Collection
akaP.UNLK.53.110KopeksNDNo.26818AB.JPG
P.UNL, K.53.1 10 Kopeks ND
No. 26818
akaP.UNLK.53.110KopeksNDNo.26818ABr.JPG
Back
Unknown Collection
akaP.UNLK.53.110KpoeksND181632FBmageonly.jpg
P.UNL, K.53.1 10 Kopeks ND
No.?
 
akaP.UNLK.53.110KpoeksND181632FBmagesonly.jpg.jpg
Back
 Unknown Collection
Znak-auction.ru  Emission 16, Lot 64
akaP.UNLK.53.110KopeksNDLKCA.jpg
P.UNL, K.53.1 10 Kopeks ND
 No.?
akaP.UNLK.53.110KopeksNDLKCAr.jpg
Back
Unknown Collection, LKCA
AkaP.UNLK.53.225KopeksNDex.AgathonFabergé.JPG
P.UNL, K.53.2  25 Kopeks ND
No.14970
 
AkaP.UNLK.53.225KopeksNDex.AgathonFabergér.JPG
Back
ex.Agathon Fabergé
See Hellman Auctions Ltd. Mar.3rd 2007
Alaska, Russian-American Co 25 Kopeks ND(1816-52)
P.UNL, K.53.2*  25 Kopeks ND
No.15123
  
Back
Back
Sold for $7,187 Memphis,TN  June 2003
Images Courtesy: R.M .Smythe & Co,
akaP.UNLK.53.225KopeksNDNo.17323exBoyd.jpg
P.UNL, K.53.2  25 Kopeks ND
 No.17323
akaP.UNLK.53.225KopeksNDNo.17323exBoydr.jpg
Back
 ex Boyd.
Aka_PUNL_25_Rubles_17501.bmp
P.UNL, K.53.2  25 Kopeks ND
No.17581
Aka_PUNL_25_Rubles_17501_r.bmp
Back
Private Collection
akaP.UNLK.53.225RublesND181632AB1.jpg
P.UNL, K.53.2  25 Kopeks ND
Unauthorized Reproduction of
Note above
akaP.UNLK.53.225RublesND181632AB1r.jpg
Back
Unauthorized Reproduction of
Note above
akaP.UNLK.53.350KopeksNDNo.13358.jpg
P.UNL, K.53.3  50 Kopeks ND
No. 13358
akaP.UNLK.53.350KopeksNDNo.13358HenryHCliffordCollectionr.jpg
Back
Henry H Clifford Collection
Alaska,Russian-American Co P.UNL  1 Ruble  Ca.1847-52
P.UNL, K.53.4*  1 Ruble ND

No.3458
Back
Back
ex. Fred Howard Collection
Aka_RAC_PUNL_K53.4_1_Ruble_ND.jpg
P.UNL K.53.4*  1 Ruble ND
 No. 7495
68x47mm
Russian State Historical Museum 
akaP.UNLK.53.41RubleMarkaRESTORED.jpg
P.UNL, K.53.4 1 Ruble Marka
No.7495 **
akaP.UNLK.53.41RubleMarkaRESTOREDr.jpg
Back
RESTORED **
akaP.UNLK.53.41RubleNDNo7559AB.jpg
P.UNL, K.53.4 1 Ruble ND
No. 7559
akaP.UNLK.53.41RubleNDNo7559ABr.jpg
Back
Unknown Collection
akaP.UNKK.53.41RoubleNDNo.7827lot12205auction35106.2010HA.jpg
P.UNK, K.53.4 1 Ruble ND
 No.7827
akaP.UNKK.53.41RoubleNDNo.7827lot12205auction35106.2010HAr.jpg
Back
Lot 12205 Heritage auction, 6.2010
Aka_RAC_PUNL_K53.5_5_Rubles_ND.jpg
P.UNL, K53.5*  5 Rubles ND
 No.68473
71x52mm
Russian State Historical Museum  
akaP.UNLK53.55RublesNDGIM2.jpg
P.UNL K53.5 5 Rubles ND
No.68473**
akaP.UNLK53.55RublesNDGIMr.jpg
Back**
 
Aka_RAC_PUNL_K53.6_10_Rubles_ND.jpg
P.UNL, K53.6*  10 Rubles ND
No.523
Aka_RAC_PUNL_K53.6_10_Rubles_ND_r.jpg
Back
80x57mm, Russian State Historical Museum
Alaska Russian American Co P.UNL 10 Rubles ND(184752)
P.UNL, K.53.6*   10 Rubles ND
No.2953?
Back
Back
 
Alaska-Russian American Co P.UNL  10 Rubles ND Ca.1847-52
P.UNL, K.53.6*   10 Rubles ND
No.5435?
AkaRussianAmericanCoPUNL10RublesND1847523435r.jpg
Back
 
akaP.UNLK53.725RoublesND182060sNo.1060HA.jpg
P.UNL, K53.7* 25 Roubles ND
No.1060
Completely Unique; Brussels/Pflumer Coll.
akaP.UNLK53.725RoublesND182060sNo.1060HAr.jpg
Back
 ex. Ted Uhl Collection
Sold $192,000 2021 FUN HA Auction

P.UNL, K53.7  25 Ruble Copies (1)
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RAC Site,
Sitka 1805



Signing the Treaty of
Cessation, 30.3.1867



RAC
Sealskin Drying Station


A Short History of the Russian-American Company

Russian Czar Paul I signed a decree providing a initial 20 year charter for the Russian-American Company (RAC). It was founded
on July 8, 1799 at Irkutsk, Siberia and capitalized with 724,000 Rubles divided   in 724 shares. Because of the success of a precursor
company established by G.I.Shelikhov and I.L.Golikov, the royal family had high confidence in the venture and invested their
personal assets in shares of RAC. They were said to have donated their dividends to charity. Their participation had the effect of
ensuring responsive  
government support  whenever possible.

RAC was given a monopoly to handle all of Russia's trade in its American colony. It used natives instead of Russians for hunting and
trapping in order to minimize the possibility of conflict with other nations active in the Americas. RAC's first governor of Russian
America and chief manager was Aleksandr Andreevich Baranov (b.1746-d.1819).  Baranov had outstanding credentials for such a
position. He was a manager and trader in Irkutsk, Siberia for 10 years and was elected  a member of the Free Economic Society in
1787. In 1790 Baranov became the chief manager of the precursor Shelikhov-Golikov company. He managed this company until
Shelikhov's death in 1795 and continued operating the venture with Shelikhov's son-in-law N.P.Rezanov. It was amalgamated and
re-chartered as the Russian American Company.

Baranov was under the control and an employee of the Russian government, although he was given a great deal of independence.
He sometimes thought that his total control of the colony was absolute, although at times he had hoped for more help from the
government. Life in early Russian America was extremely difficult for Baranov.

He established the Russian American capital initially at Kodiak and moved it to Sitka in 1808 where there was an abundance of sea
otters. With rapidly accelerating trade in furs the share price climbed from 1000 Rubles to 3727 Rubles in the first year alone.
Baranov served as Governor of the RAC for the longest period (1799-1818). 

RAC banknotes have been called "walrus or sealskin money" as some were printed on walrus skins, although most issues are found
on parchment, issued from about 1816 until 1832. These tokens were issued at Baranov suggestion, "in order to facilitate settling
accounts with the hunters, the board of directors sent the colonies parchment tokens {marki} with the governments permission. They
were to take the place of money and were distinguished in color and shape according to their value-1, 5, 10 or 25 paper rubles, and
10, 25, or 50  kopeks. Baranov was ordered to pay the salary of each employee in the colonies with these tokens. Goods and
supplies in the companies stores were to be sold in exchange for the tokens, with certain restrictions on alcoholic beverages
(the sale of which was rationed). On payday, when the tokens were distributed, company stores were to return the tokens they had
received during that period. Forgers of the tokens were to be treated as criminals."(1) 

During this period 7 denominations have been reported: 10, 25 and 50 Kopeks; 1, 5, 10 and 25 Rubles. Initially made from
waterproof walrus skin bags which were used to ship otter skins, later issues were reportedly made from parchment. The notes,
known as "Kozhanye", circuwhich is just north of present daylated as far south as Fort Ross, San Francisco. 

Baranov retired in 11.1.1818 having served as Chief of RAC for 19 years. He planned to return to Russia but he died while crossing
the Indian Ocean during the return sea voyage. L.A. Hagemeister(1818), S.I.Ianovskii(1818-1820), M.I.Murav'ev(1820-25),
P.E.Chistiakov(1825-30),  Baron Ferdinand Petrovich von Wrangel(1830-35), I.A.Kupreanov(1835-40), A.K.Etholen(1840-45),
M.D.Teben'kov(1845-50), N.I.Rosenberg(1850--53), A.I.Rudakov(1853-54), S.V.Voevodskii(1854-59), I.V.Furuhjelm(1859-63),
Prince Dmitrii P. Maksutov (2.12.1863-18.10.1867) were subsequent governors of RAC. The fur trade declined by the 1860's and
the Russian-American Company ceased to exist in 1867 when Alexander II sold Alaska to the United States for 7 million dollars
(14 million rubles) or about 2 cents per acre.

A 1981 census compiled by the late world paper money dealer, Ted Uhl, identified 53 pieces known to have survived. A recent
census indicates between 150 and 200 pieces remain. In 1868 all outstanding notes were exchanged for State Currency. The 5, 10
and 25 Rubles notes are the most rare with just one or two pieces known of each.  All  "walrus skin/sealskin" notes are extremely
rare and most recently a high grade note sold for $44,062.50 (including buyers commission) in Stack's Bowers Galleries -
March 2015 Baltimore, USA Auction, lot# 2001.


Russia decided to sell Alaska to the United States and the purchase was concluded on October 18, 1867. A Treasury Warrant,
shown below,  for $7.2 Million Dollars was signed on March 30, 1867.

(1)  Copies of 25 Rubles №1060

The history behind the appearance of “worn copy of the 25-ruble note with serial number 1060” is fascinating and illustrates how
information and images can travel through various sources and collectors over time. It's not uncommon for historical artifacts and
their documentation to pass through multiple hands and publications, sometimes leading to interesting discoveries and questions.

In this case, in Russian speaking community, the image of the token first appeared in Shikanova's article in 1986 and later gained
more attention when Professor Pierce and Randolph Zander described it in 1996.

Zander accompanied his text with a photograph, wondered: why make a ‘crude copy’ if there is an original? Later, in 1986
Shikanova, in
а supplement to her earlier treatment, accepted its existence and reproduced а photo of fairly worn specimen with
№1060. It had been brough to her attention by
а Canadian collector via Ivochkina. Meanwhile, in World Coin News for 21 April 1981
the late Ted Uhl published
а 25-ruble note in EF shape with the same №1060. Later,he consigned this item to Bowers and Ruddy,
who auctioned it in November 1982 for $12,000. There being not another known specimen,it was listed as ‘completely unique’. It was
pedigree to the Brussels or Pflumer collection. This leaves aside the worn and somewhat indistinct note mentioned above - the one
with the duplicate №1060 written, incidentally, in the same copper-plate hand as that of the Ted Uhl specimen. That item is
discredited as an exact but not very well-made copy. Accordingly, the Ted Uhl specimen remains the only one known today.

The mystery of why a copy of seemingly poor quality was created when an original existed was solved by the discovery that the
image was originally printed in a beautifully published booklet by the Bowers & Ruddy Auction House in 1982 during the sale of the
HCC collection. This booklet included, for the majority of items, black-and-white images and for unique items, such as this 25 Rubles,
color images insert.

The fact that a Canadian collector sent Ivochkina a black-and-white copy in the 1980s, during a time when color copies were
expensive and less accessible, sheds light on the fact of the appearance of such a copy in Russian-language sources, and the
misinterpretation of this fact in  English-language sources.   

On the image above (from left to right): black and white image from Bowers-Ruddy booklet 1982; black and white image published
by Shikanova and mentioned by Zander (#38); color image from Bowers-Ruddy booklet 1982. Courtesy of Bowers and Ruddy
Gallery “The Henry Clifford Collection. Coins of the American West” sales, 1982.

"Copies of 25 Rubles" text and images provided by Dmitriy Litvak as an excerpt of his upcoming book.
 



References:
(1) P.A. Tikhmenev:  A History of the Russian American Company, Vol. 1, St. Petersburg, 1861
K.T. Khlebnikov: Baranov, Chief Manager of the Russian Colonies in America, 1832
Hector Chevigny: Russian America, The Great Alaskan Venture 1741-1867, Viking Press ,New York 1965
Russian History in Coins, S. Melnikova, Moscow 1994
Russia + America = 200 years, Bicentenary of the Russian-American Company 1799-1999", Moscow 1999

Historical Non-banknote Photo Credits: Alaska Library


(2)
Based on a new examination and evaluation of previous information provided, it was identified as issued in the Ussuriysk region. It seems they made this conclusion by assuming that the first letter "У" in the printed word "УГУ" corresponds to Ussuriysk. Not being fluent in Russian, it was quite possible for them to draw such a conclusion.

Initially, with only this information, I also tried to identify it. However, I immediately had doubts about its presumed location—the "Ussuriysk region." The fact is that Ussuriysk is located near Vladivostok, on the border with China and North Korea. This territory was not part of the colonial possessions of the Russian Empire and was located on the mainland part of the then Russian Empire, now the Russian Federation. Therefore, the monetary note could not be attributed to the issues of the Russian-American Company (RAC).

Now, with the receipt of new information about this 50 Kopeck leather note, I have changed my opinion. A. Denisov (the author of the original token, from which a counterfeit was made using Photoshop and placed on NUMISMONDO) published a catalog back in 2005, in which he described the marks of the RAC. It included information specifically about this note—the 50 Kopecks, which I missed.

With a very high degree of probability, it can now be asserted that this is a temporary note (along with Enoch Furuhjelm's marki), issued by the administration of the RAC, i.e., Baranov, to address the shortage of monetary funds.

Dmitriy "Dim" Litvak
June 28, 2024

 

Books

The untold story of the RAC:
The Hudson Bay Company 2.0
by Dmitriy Litvak

Backgrounder


Now Available on Amazon
"Uncle Kruger's" Money: the untold story of the largest
in history of paper money counterfeiting operation
(Moneymakers. The Untold Stories)

Backgrounder

by Dmitriy Litvak

Available AMAZON
The untold story of the Russian Giant
The Moneymakers, Part I, 1818-1919

by Dmitriy Litvak   Jan. 2023

COMING SOON

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Our sincere thanks to Dr. Ilkka Mäkitie for background information and images.
Our sincere thanks to Dmitriy "Dim" Litvak for the Warrant image and additional valuable information.

** Images provided by Dim Litvak


CATALOG REFERENCES

* Kardakoff, N., "Katalog der Geldscheine von Russland und der Baltischen Staaten 1769-1950."  Berlin, 1953


ALASKA LINKS
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Explore North, Russian-American Co. in Hawaii Explore North, Russian-American Co. in Hawaii
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